The geology of the Pyrenees: Spain

Settle in and meet your group.

Explore Barcelona, Spain’s second largest city, with attractions ranging from the iconic Sagrada Familia Cathedral to galleries of modern and historic art, and everything in-between. Gather in the evening to meet your Tour Expert and the rest of the group, followed by drinks, dinner and a review of the trip ahead.

Check into the centrally-located Hotel.

• Overnight Barcelona
• Group dinner

A leisurely journey into the Pyrenean mountains, pausing to take in key cultural, scenic and geological highlights in Montserrat, Somontano and Sobrarbe.

Your first stop will be Montserrat, an iconic and distinctive mountain, important to Catalan culture and with geological significance. Here you will visit the lavish mountaintop monastery, which dates to 1025 CE, and take the funicular to see magnificent views of the surrounding region. The spectacular cliffs were created by the formation and erosion of the Pyrenees during continental collision.

You will then move to the vineyards of Somontano and visit a bodega for a winery tour, tasting and an overview of local Spanish wine.

The next stop is a view of the Monasterio de Torreciudad, the seat of Opus Dei, a Catholic sect founded in 1928 and controversially portrayed in The DaVinci Code by Dan Brown. It’s an excellent location from which to observe and discuss the evolution of the Pyrenees, and appreciate the colossal forces that led to nearly 100km (62 miles) of crustal shortening. These geological upheavals also provided natural locations for dams built after the Civil War, not without controversy and cost to local populations.

Lunch will be taken en route, after which you will pass by Abizanda and its spectacular examples of Moorish architecture.

In the late afternoon, you will arrive in the village of Boltaña, in sight of the towering mountains of the axial zone of the Pyrenees . You’ll be checking into the well-equipped Barceló Monasterio hotel, your base for the next three nights.

• Check in to Barceló Monasterio, Boltaña
• Group dinner

Learn to ‘read the rocks’ as you travel back to deep time, find out what life was like here in the early 20th century, and discover how the former helped shape the latter.

Your day begins with a visit to the village of Santa María del Buil. There is an optional short walk to the viewpoint above the village – a 3km (2 miles) round trip with an ascent of 80m (260 ft). From above, we’ll take in views of the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees to the north, including the distinctive peaks of Las Tres Marias and Monte Perdido (the Pyrenees’ third highest mountain), and a superb view of the Boltaña Anticline, a famous geological structure that shows how mountain building compresses and folds once-flat rock layers.

Back in the village, we will visit the church where a photo exhibition reveals early 20th-century village life, and will discuss the use of local building stones, formed from massive gravity-driven submarine flows from local mountain ranges. Some of these building stones are packed with beautiful, small fossil shells, called nummulites.

We will have a picnic lunch at Guaso, a picturesque village with panoramic views. The bell tower is a useful landmark for orientation as we explore the village and its surroundings, including stone-wall-terraced slopes with stunning rows of ancient olive trees.

Next is a visit to the nearby Campodarbe to observe one of the geological secrets of the Pyrenees. We will see how to ‘read the rocks’ and uncover the story of the drowning of a carbonate platform back in deep time: a superbly exposed rock contact records the onset of the sinking into the deepwater and shows the origins of the Pyrenees.

Finally, we will explore the medieval town of Aínsa, a major city of the ancient kingdom of Aragón and a magnificent example of medieval urban development. We will regroup for drinks and a group meal in Aínsa’s atmospheric medieval square.

• Return to Barceló Monasterio in the evening
• Group dinner in the old town of Aínsa

Home in on the geology, scenery and architecture of the Aínsa region, through a hermitage, dramatic views, and a beautiful church.

Today you focus on the spectacular scenery and geology of the Aínsa area. The Aínsa basin provides excellent examples of preserved deepwater rocks deposited by submarine flows driven by gravity as the Pyrenees formed.

The day begins with an optional walk (4km/2.5 miles round trip with a climb of 210m/690 ft) above the village of Samitier to visit an ancient hermitage perched on a limestone ridge. This vantage point has a view of the entire Aínsa region, key landmarks and geological structures and, on a clear day, the high Pyrenees. There are dramatic views of the Mediano reservoir and dam, where you can see the top of the bell tower of the flooded village of Mediano – a poignant reminder of the human cost of development.

We will then “zoom in” to several more locations to examine the architecture of the ancient Aínsa basin. This will include recognising ancient submarine channels, and discussing how these migrated around the sea floor.

As a welcome break, we’ll lunch in Escalona midway through the day, before exploring additional places of interest in Aínsa over the afternoon.

Links between the geology and the history of the area will be made throughout the day, from the location of dams and fortified towns, to the specific rock types and their different uses as building materials.

Rounding off the day, we’ll travel to the village of San Vicente to visit a beautiful Romanesque church, before an evening with local history expert Angel Cheliz to discover the history of Sobrarbe; or an optional viewing of The Way, a film depicting modern day travellers along the historic Camino de Santiago path.

• Return to Barceló Monasterio in the evening
• Group dinner

Today starts with spectacular views and geology and culminates in the Camino de Santiago and more incredible scenery.

This morning, you will explore the deep gorges and mountains north of Aínsa in the Parque de Ordesa and Monte Perdido. Depending on weather and road access, we plan to visit the Valle de Pineta and/or pass through the Cañon de Añisclo. Pineta will include spectacular views and, with luck, a glimpse of Monte Perdido, the ‘Lost Mountain’, and finally a walk to view La Larri waterfall cascading over red beds. The Cañon de Añisclo walk provides a spectacular journey through a slot gorge cut by the Bellos River through limestone and passes ancient bridges and abandoned monasteries.

If we can’t pass through Añisclo, an alternate westward route will be taken through the Ara River gorge that cuts through another classical geological feature of the Pyrenees: the Boltaña Anticline, formed of folded rock layers where the now near-vertical strata provides a natural location for dam and reservoir construction. You will view the abandoned village of Janovás and discuss the social implications of industrialisation, before a tapas lunch in the town of Fiscal.

Continuing towards Jaca, you will traverse the western extremity of the Parque de Ordesa, through stunning scenery and mountain communities. Between Sarvise and Broto, time permitting, there will be a brief stop at the Bol de Broto to visit a local artisan cheese maker to sample some typical Pyrenean fare.

In Jaca, we will visit the star-shaped citadel (the last of its kind in Spain), and the cathedral, where you can obtain Camino de Santiago “passports” – originally the letter of safe-conduct given to pilgrims in the Middle Ages.

After lunch, the tour continues westward, with spectacular views and a final stop at Fuente de Torrijos, where the group can review the signs of submarine processes essential to the development of the mountain belt. Your hotel in the area will be the charmingly-restored Villa de Alquézar, sitting comfortably on the edge of Sierra y Cañones de Guara Natural Park.

• Check into Villa de Alquézar for the next two nights
• Free evening

See awe-inspiring natural towers then watch climbers do the hard work as you relax with a coffee.

The day begins with a hike of Alquézar's scenic Pasarela trail, followed by a visit to the famous Mallos de Gallego natural towers near Riglos. These astonishing rock towers and cliffs are formed from resistant pebble beds (conglomerates) that rise up to 300m (1,000 ft) above the Ebro Plain.

After observing the towers, we will visit the town for a coffee while observing climbers attempting to scale the vertical walls above, then enjoy a wine tour and lunch at a nearby vineyard.

We then travel on to Sierra de Guara Park and later return to Alquézar, where there will be more time for an exploration of the town.

• Return to Villa de Alquézar in the evening
• Group dinner

Say goodbye to your new friends as your tour ends in Barcelona.

In the morning, the group will depart by coach for Barcelona Airport, or you can be dropped off in central Barcelona if you want to continue your visit. Alternatively, if you prefer to travel on to Madrid, you may take a train from nearby Huesca (a 45-minute taxi ride from Barbastro).

Note: this provisional itinerary is subject to change.