Henry Pettingill

<h2>Highlights</h2>
<ul>
<li>Explore the spectacular geology and stunning landscapes of the Pyrenees</li>
<li>Understand the processes and products that fill foreland basins of mountain belts</li>
<li>Discover ancient mountain villages and sample local Pyrenean and Spanish cuisine</li>
<li>Visit local vineyards of a little-known wine region of Spain</li>
<li>Walk a section of the historic Camino de Santiago</li>
<li>The activity level is rated as MODERATE (see our definitions <a href="https://www.geoculturaworld.com/about/health-and-safety" target="_blank">here</a>)</li>
<li>The tour begins and ends in Barcelona, Spain</li>
</ul>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<p>This tour will explore the central Spanish Pyrenees, home to a wide variety of landscapes, communities and flora and fauna. Based near the medieval town of Aínsa, the tour will examine in detail the sediments deposited in the Aínsa basin and the structures exposed in the surrounding mountains. For the final three days, the group will travel westwards and trace parts of the Camino de Santiago through Aragón and then the ancient Kingdom of Navarra and the city of Pamplona before returning to Barcelona.</p>
<p>The Pyrenees is renowned as one of the best regions in the world to observe the processes of mountain building and sedimentary basin development, due to its compact nature and preservation factors related to the adjacent Ebro basin. These geological elements, combined with the benign climate and superb local cuisine, wine and fascinating culture, make the Pyrenees a wonderful natural laboratory in which to study the anatomy and evolution of a mountain belt.</p>

<div><img title="The village of Aínsa" alt="The village of Aínsa" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20Ainsa%20w%20Mountain%20KB.jpg">
<p>The mountaintop village of Aínsa is thought to be one of the most beautiful villages in Spain.</p>
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<div><img title="Torreciudad" alt="Torreciudad" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/AA02-T011%20SP%20Torreciudad_5172.jpg">
<p>Torreciudad, the orange structure on the right, is the name of a Catholic monastery near Alquezar built by the founder of Opus Dei, Josemaría Escrivá.</p>
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<div><img title="Eocene conglomerates tower above the village of Riglos" alt="Eocene conglomerates tower above the village of Riglos" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/AA06-T011%20SP%20IMG_4276.jpg">
<p>Eocene conglomerates tower above the village of Riglos.</p>
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<div><img title="National Park Ordesa" alt="National Park Ordesa" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20National%20Park%20Ordesa%20KB.jpg">
<p>The Ordesa National Park has some of the best hiking in the Pyrenees.&nbsp;With varied terrains, there are superb trails for all levels of ability.</p>
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<div><img title="The Monastery of Montserrat" alt="The Monastery of Montserrat" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20Montserrat%20Monastery%20KB.jpg">
<p>Montserrat is a spectacular Benedictine mountain retreat, home to a world famous monastery.</p>
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<div><img title="A Somontano vineyard" alt="A Somontano vineyard" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/AA01-T011%20SP%20Somontano%20Vineyard.jpg">
<p>A Somontano vineyard, where local grapes include Moristel and Parraleta for red wine, and Macabeo and Alcañon for white wine.</p>
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<div><img title="A sampling of local Somontano wines" alt="A sampling of local Somontano wines" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/AA10-T011%20SP%20IMG_7980.jpg">
<p>A sampling of local Somontano wines.</p>
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<div><img title="The San Vicente valley with the Peña Montañesa in the background" alt="The San Vicente valley with the Peña Montañesa in the background" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/AA11-T011%20SP%20Pena%20with%20S%20Vicentes%20in%20foreground.jpg">
<p>The San Vicente valley with the Peña Montañesa in the background.</p>
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<div><img title="The Romanesque church of San Vicente de Labuerda" alt="The Romanesque church of San Vicente de Labuerda" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/AA12-T011%20SP%20P9263130.jpg">
<p>The Romanesque church of San Vicente de Labuerda.</p>
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<div><img title="The impressive Boltaña Anticline" alt="The impressive Boltaña Anticline" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/AA13-T011%20SP%20Boltana%20Anticline%20by%20Lightsbirth%20DeviantArt_.jpg">
<p>The impressive Boltaña Anticline, which overlooks the Ara River valley.</p>
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<h3>Tour Map</h3>
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<p><img title="Pyrenees Tour Map" alt="Pyrenees Tour Map" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20Location%20Map.png"></p>
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<h3>Day 1 – Arrival in Barcelona, Spain</h3>
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<p>Participants will gather in the evening at a hotel near the airport for introductions, drinks, dinner and a review of the trip agenda.</p>
<p>Overnight Barcelona. Group dinner.</p>
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<h3>Day 2 – Barcelona to Monserrat and on to Somontano and Sobrarbe</h3>
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<p><img title="Aínsa" alt="Aínsa" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20Aragon%20Ainsa%20KB.jpg"></p>
<p>The tour will depart from Barcelona, making a leisurely journey to the overnight location of Aínsa, with stops along the way to take in key cultural and geological highlights.</p>
<p>The first stop will be Montserrat, an iconic and distinctive mountain, important to Catalan culture and with geological significance. Here the group will visit the monastery, originally built by the Romans as a temple to Venus and founded by Benedictines in 1025 CE, and take the funicular to experience the magnificent views of the region. From this vantage point, spectacular conglomerate cliffs will be visible – the erosional remnants of a rapidly deposited sediment fan, created as the result of uplift and erosion of the Pyrenees during continental collision.</p>
<p>After Montserrat, the tour travels through the vineyards of Somontano and visits a local bodega for a winery tour, tasting and an overview of local Spanish wine.</p>
<p>The next stop will be a view of the Monasterio de Torreciudad, the seat of Opus Dei, a Catholic sect founded in 1928 and controversially portrayed in The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. This is an excellent location to observe and discuss the evolution of the Pyrenees. The views from here provide an opportunity to appreciate the colossal forces that led to nearly 100km (62 miles) of crustal shortening. These geological upheavals also provided natural locations for dams, the construction of which took place in the post-Civil War era, not without controversy and cost to local populations. Lunch will be taken en route, after which we will pass by Abizanda and its spectacular examples of Moorish architecture.</p>
<p>In the late afternoon, the group will arrive in the small village of Escalona in sight of the towering mountains of the axial zone of the Pyrenees. This will be our base for explorations of the Sobrarbe region for the next three nights.</p>
<p>During the evening the tour will be joined by Angel Cheliz, a local history expert, for a talk on the history of Sobrarbe.</p>
<p>Overnight in Escalona. Group dinner at the Hotel Revestido, a family-run hotel and restaurant.</p>
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<h3>Day 3 – The Buil Syncline and satellite villages of Aínsa</h3>
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<p><img title="View of Peña Montañesa from Guaso" alt="View of Peña Montañesa from Guaso" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20Pena%20Orange%20sunset%20and%20fog%20Crop%20KB.jpg"></p>
<p>The day begins with a visit to the village of Santa María del Buil and a short but steep hike to the viewpoint above the village – a 3km (2 miles) round trip and an ascent of 80m (260 ft). From the viewpoint we will take in views of the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees to the north, including the distinctive peaks of Las Tres Marías and Monte Perdido (at 3355m/11,007 ft the third highest mountain in the Pyrenees), as well as a superb view of the Boltaña Anticline. The group will discuss features of the landscape, including the effects of the Boltaña Anticline on sedimentation and the final sedimentary fill of the Aínsa basin.</p>
<p>Descending back to the village, the group will visit the church where an exhibit of photographs provides an insight into early 20th-century village life and will discuss the use of different turbidite facies as building stones (turbidites are rocks deposited in deep water by submarine flows driven by gravity). Their specific uses relate to the types of flows that deposited them – thicker, massive sandstones result from large, high-density turbidity flows and provide material for retaining walls and building walls (including coigns, mullions and lintels), while thinner sandstones from smaller, more evolved flows provide an ideal, if heavy, roofing material for many of the older buildings. Among the shallow water sediments in this location are marls packed full of nummulites (small fossil shells) and there may be a chance to collect some of these.</p>
<p>The tour will move on to another nearby village, Guaso, for far-reaching panoramic views and a picnic lunch. The bell tower here provides a useful landmark for orientation and there will be the opportunity to walk around the village below and explore its surrounds. The stone-wall-terraced slopes have stunning rows of ancient olive trees.</p>
<p>After lunch the tour will visit the nearby Campodarbe road section to observe the drowning of the carbonate platform and the precise contact of deepwater sediments as they onlapped the underlying shallow water limestones. This contact is beautifully exposed and provides the opportunity to see in detail the onset of deepwater sedimentation in this area.</p>
<p>The day will end with time to explore the medieval town of Aínsa, a major city of the ancient kingdom of Aragón and a magnificent example medieval urban development. The group will reconvene in the evening for drinks and a group meal in the atmospheric medieval square of Aínsa.</p>
<p>Overnight in Escalona. Group dinner in the old town of Aínsa.</p>
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<h3>Day 4 – Aínsa and its Surroundings</h3>
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<p><img title="San Vincente de Labuerda" alt="San Vincente de Labuerda" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20San%20Vincente%20de%20Labuerda%20KB.jpg"><br>The fourth day of the tour focuses on the spectacular scenery and geology of the Aínsa area. The Aínsa basin has been studied intensely as it provides excellent examples of deepwater rocks deposited by submarine flows driven by gravity. The tour will visit a variety of outcrops that spectacularly illustrate how these sedimentary processes operated and how the flows behaved in response to growing geological structures. The Aínsa basin has been widely used as an analogue to deepwater oil and gas fields and the relevance of this to the oil and gas industry will be discussed.</p>
<p>The day will commence with an invigorating hike above the village of Samitier. Here the tour will visit an ancient hermitage perched precipitously on a limestone ridge, a vantage with a view of the entire Aínsa region, key landmarks and geological structures, as well as the high Pyrenees on a clear day. There are dramatic views of the Mediano reservoir and dam, where the group can see the top of the bell tower of the flooded village of Mediano – a poignant reminder of the human cost of development. Please note, the hike is 4km (2.5 miles) round trip and involves a climb of 210m (690 ft).</p>
<p>Following the overview of the area from Samitier, the tour will “zoom in” on several more outcrops to examine the architecture and sedimentary processes of the Aínsa basin. This will include large-scale submarine channels and discuss how these migrated on the sea floor, as well as examine spectacular sedimentary structures that illustrate the depositional processes involved in gravity-driven deposits.</p>
<p>Links between the geology and the history of the area will be made throughout the day, from the location of dams and fortified towns, to the specific sedimentary facies/rock types and their different uses as building materials.</p>
<p>In the afternoon the tour will travel to the village of San Vicente, to visit a beautiful Romanesque church and observe further elements of deepwater sedimentary systems including channel systems, sediment lobes and submarine overbank deposits.</p>
<p>Overnight in Escalona. Group dinner.</p>
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<h3>Day 5 – From Aínsa to Broto and Jaca</h3>
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<p><img title="National Park Ordesa" alt="National Park Ordesa" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20National%20Park%20Ordesa%20KB.jpg"></p>
<p>After checking out of the hotel in Escalona, the group will explore the deep gorges and mountains north of Aínsa in the Parque de Ordesa and Monte Perdido. Depending on weather and access, the group visit the Valle de Pineta and/or pass through the Cañon de Añisclo. Pineta will include spectacular views of the Cretaceous platform carbonates, including (with luck on the weather), a glimpse of Monte Perdido – the ‘Lost Mountain’, and finally a hike across a thrust sheet viewing the Permo-Triassic redbeds, where the La Larri waterfall cascades over them. The Cañon de Añisclo provides a spectacular walk through a slot gorge cut by the Bellos River through successive limestone formations and passing ancient bridges, abandoned monasteries as well as the obligatory geological sights.</p>
<p>If weather and road access prevent passing through Añisclo, an alternate westward route will be taken through the Ara River gorge that cuts the Boltaña Anticline, the near-vertical limb of which provides a natural point for dam and reservoir construction (as previously seen at Mediano). There is a stop to view the abandoned village of Janovás and discuss the social implications of industrialisation, before a tapas lunch in the town of Fiscal.</p>
<p>Continuing towards Jaca, the tour travels further down depositional dip and traverses the western extremity of the Parque de Ordesa, through stunning scenery and mountain communities. On the way the group will observe the remarkable distances that the sediments in submarine gravity flows can travel, and how tectonic events controlled the geometry and directions of sediment flows in the basins.</p>
<p>Between Sarvise and Broto, time and access permitting, there will be a brief stop at the Bol de Broto to visit a local artisan cheese maker to sample some typical Pyrenean fare.</p>
<p>After lunch, the tour continues westward, with a spectacular view of the Broto turbidite lobe and the thin-bedded Bouma sequences that comprise it.</p>
<p>The final stop of the day is right outside the town of Jaca at Puente de Torrijos, where the group can observe three exposures: 1) Basin plain turbidites, overlain by 2) one of the famous “megaturbidites”, formed by castrastrophic basin-wide mass flow of the platform carbonates, and finally 3) thick-bedded sheet sands.</p>
<p>On arrival in Jaca the group will check into the hotel. There will be time to visit the Jaca citadel and cathedral, where participants can obtain Camino de Santiago “passports” – originally the letter of safe-conduct given to pilgrims in the Middle Ages. There will be an optional viewing of The Way, a movie starring Martin Sheen, which describes one man’s modern pilgrimage and enlightenment whilst travelling the Camino.</p>
<p>Overnight in Jaca. Free evening.</p>
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<h3>Day 6 – Jaca Surroundings, Pamplona and the Camino de Santiago (Navarra)</h3>
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<p><img title="Pamplona" alt="Pamplona" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20Pamplona%20KB.jpg"></p>
<p>From Jaca the tour will travel to Pamplona, criss-crossing the Camino de Santiago. Also known as “The Way of St James” or simply “The Way”, the Camino is the route of a historical spiritual pilgrimage that starts in St Jean de Pie de Port in France and ends 800km (500 miles) later at Santiago de Compostela in northwest Spain. En route, the tour will discuss the Serrablo Gas Fields, a gas supply and gas storage facility, and will discuss the outcrops of megaturbidites, which comprise the reservoir rocks for the Serrablo Fields. These megaturbidites are the products of massive sediment failure on the basin margins and the group will discuss the possible causes of these deposits, as well as their uses by man and beast.</p>
<p>Lunch is followed by an optional walk along a section of the Camino de Santiago: this is a short leg of the pilgrimage near Pamplona and is rated low in physical exertion; it leaves the village of Zariquiegui and travels on to Obanos. The hike is about 11km (7 miles) with an elevation gain of around 150m (500 ft) and should take about 3 hours. The group may visit a vineyard just outside the village and, in the late afternoon, the tour will arrive in Pamplona and check into a local hotel from where people will be able to explore the city. Pamplona is the capital of the Autonomous Province of Navarra, famous for the festival of San Fermín and its “running of the bulls”, as well as for its signature gastronomic delights: Lamb “al chilindrón” or Costillas al Sarmiento, Tudela (a stew of artichokes with clams, asparagus and piquillo peppers), Navarran wines, Pacharán (local liquor) and local cheeses.</p>
<p>Overnight in Pamplona. Group dinner.</p>
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<h3>Day 7 – Riglos, Alquézar and the Sierra de Guara</h3>
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<p><img title="Eocene Conglomerates" alt="Eocene Conglomerates" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/T011%20SP%20Congolmerates%20over%20Riglos%20KB.jpg"></p>
<p>The day begins with a 2-hour drive to the famous Mallos de Gallego outcrop at Riglos. These astonishing towers and cliffs are formed from resistant conglomerates that tower up to 300m (1000 ft) above the Ebro Plain to the south. Sediments were eroded from the uplifting Pyrenees and deposited as alluvial fans at the developing thrust fronts. As thrusting propagated south, these alluvial fans themselves became involved in the deformation. The tour will observe the geomorphology and structure of the towers and will visit the town for a coffee whilst observing climbers attempting to scale the vertical walls above.</p>
<p>The tour will travel on to the Sierra de Guara area and along the road north through the park towards Sobrarbe. A 50-minute drive brings the group to the hill-top village of Alquézar, which sits at the southern end of the Sierra de Guara National Park, where houses are nestled around the base of an imposing castle and church consecrated in 1099 CE. After a lunch on a scenic overlook, there wil be time here for an exploration of the village and and it is well worth a visit to the ancient church.</p>
<p>Overnight near Barbastro. Final group meal and wine tasting in one of Somontano’s best vineyards.</p>
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<h3>Day 8 – Tour ends with a return to Barcelona</h3>
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<p>In the morning the group will depart by coach for Barcelona Airport, with the option of being dropped off in central Barcelona, if they wish to continue their visit. Alternately, if any participants prefer to travel on to Madrid, they may take a train from nearby Huesca (a 45-minute taxi ride from Barbastro).</p>
<p>Note: this provisional itinerary is subject to change as specific locations and accommodations release more information regarding access for the coming year.</p>
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<h3>Single Supplement</h3>
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<p>There is a charge of £818 / $1022 for solo travellers.</p>
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<h3>Activity Level and Terrain</h3>
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<p>The activity level is rated as MODERATE, requiring an average level of fitness (see our definitions <a href="https://www.geoculturaworld.com/about/health-and-safety" target="_blank">here</a>). The tour will involve moderate walks (&lt;5km / &lt;3 miles) with a few steep gradients but the coach can access most locations easily. On day 6 there is the option to walk a portion of the Camino de Santiago: this section is about 11km (7 miles) long and the walk will take about 3 hours (there are alternatives for anyone who does not wish to take this hike). Please note, some paths may be uneven and loose underfoot so sturdy footwear with ankle support is recommended. The weather is generally good with mild to warm conditions during the day (18–28°C/65–82°F) and cool at night (10–18°C/50–65°F), although changeable weather conditions should be anticipated with rain possible. A wind- and waterproof jacket is recommended. Elevations are between 50–1000m (165–3280 ft).</p>
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<h3>The Tour Includes/Excludes</h3>
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<h4>The Tour Includes:</h4>
<ul>
<li>A Tour Leader, who will be present for questions, comments, discussion and anecdotes throughout the tour.</li>
<li>A Tour Manager, who will attend to logistical matters and oversee the group’s health and safety.</li>
<li>All transportation costs from the start to the end of the tour.</li>
<li>All accommodation costs for the nights stated, assuming double occupancy rooms. Single occupancy rooms are generally available for a modest surcharge. Please contact GeoCultura for details.</li>
<li>All breakfasts, lunches and dinners, except for the two dinners marked “free evening”.&nbsp;</li>
<li>Entry fees, local guide fees and activity fees, where arranged as part of the tour.</li>
<li>A fully illustrated tour guide.</li>
</ul>
<h4>The Tour Excludes:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Extra or optional activities not described in the tour.</li>
<li>Personal expenditures, including bar bills, drinks with meals, laundry bills, souvenirs and the cost of meals on free evenings.</li>
<li>Transportation to the start venue or from the end venue of the tour.</li>
</ul>
<p>Participants are required to carry their own health and travel insurance in case of accident or unforeseen circumstances.</p>
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<h3>Alternate Activities</h3>
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<p>For those who may not wish to accompany the tour on some of the field stops, there are possibilities to relax in Aínsa including: an afternoon visit to the local Monastery Hotel Spa (built around the ruins of an 11th-century monastery), and an outing to the GeoParque and Naturaleza Museums in Aínsa. There are various options for visits to outlying villages or short hikes in the evenings around Escalona and the leaders will be happy to discuss alternative arrangements with you where they fit with the itinerary.</p>
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<h3>Suggested Reading</h3>
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<p><em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ghosts_of_Spain/icmvfXyxMpoC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0" target="_blank">The Ghosts of Spain: Travels Through Spain and its Silent Past</a></em> (2006), Giles Tremlett</p>
<p><em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Battle_for_Spain/Q-mayoYS6eIC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0" target="_blank">The Battle for Spain</a></em> (1989), Antony Beevor</p>
<p><em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sun_Also_Rises/-OBSAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0" target="_blank">The Sun Also Rises</a></em> (1926), Ernest Hemmingway</p>
<p><em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Roads_to_Santiago/FC9fiEgbf_IC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0" target="_blank">Roads to Santiago</a></em> (1992), Cees Noteboom</p>
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<h3>Accommodation</h3>
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<p>Night 1: A 3- or 4-star hotel near the Barcelona airport</p>
<p>Nights 2 to 4: A 3- or 4-star hotel in Escalona</p>
<p>Night 5: A 3- or 4-star hotel in Jaca</p>
<p>Night 6: A 3- or 4-star hotel in Pamplona</p>
<p>Night 7: A 3- or 4-star hotel near Barbastro</p>
<p>Note: If required for reasons beyond our control, GeoCultura reserves the right to substitute alternate accommodations of equal or higher quality.</p>
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<h3>Deposit and Payment Terms</h3>
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<p><strong>Deposit:</strong> A deposit of 10% of the tour price is due upon registration for a tour.</p>
<p><strong>Final payment:</strong> Full payment is due 60 days before a tour begins, or upon registration if within the 60-day window.</p>
<p><strong>Cancellation by participant:</strong> A participant may cancel a registration after securing a confirmed place on a tour for any reason. The following refund terms will apply:</p>
<ul>
<li>Greater than 60 days before tour begins: Any monies paid plus half of the deposit will be refunded</li>
<li>30 to 59 days before tour begins: 35% of tour price will be refunded</li>
<li>15 to 29 days before tour begins: 25% of tour price will be refunded</li>
<li>Within 14 days of tour or during the tour: No monies will be refunded</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Cancellation by GeoCultura:</strong> GeoCultura reserves the right to cancel any tour due to low enrolment, inability to run the tour or concerns about the safety, health or welfare of participants. If a tour is cancelled before it begins, all monies paid will be refunded (including any deposit).</p>
<p>Please refer to our <a href="https://www.geoculturaworld.com/terms-and-conditions" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> page for additional details.</p>
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<h2>Henry Pettingill</h2>
<p><img title="Henry Pettingill" alt="Henry Pettingill" src="https://geocultura.arlo.co/content/img/Henry%20Pettingill.png"></p>
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<p><span>Henry Pettingill has homes in Texas, and in Aínsa, Spain and is a knowledgeable and enthusiastic expert linking Spanish geology, landscapes and local culture. Henry manages his own geological consultancy, and is a Senior Associate at Rose &amp; Associates LLP.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
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<p><span><span>His home in Spain is in an area of outstanding landscapes that is a world-class destination for examining sandstones</span><span> and</span><span> Henry has been leading groups through Aínsa for many years. The town (not necessarily the home!) is on the itinerary of the Aragon tour Henry leads for GeoCultura.&nbsp;</span></span><span><br></span></p>
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<p><span>Henry has been a professional geologist since 1983. One of his more recent job titles was Director of Business Innovation, where he was responsible for looking into the future to discern upcoming trends. The “outside the box” thinking required for this role led Henry to develop a training course on “Creativity and Innovation”, where participants discover that these are skills that can be learned.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
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<p><span>Henry was recognized by the American Association of Geologists as one of the “100 Explorationists Who Made a Difference” (2017).</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p>
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This tour journeys through the central Spanish Pyrenees, examining key geological features of this beautiful and compact mountain belt whilst sampling the best in local culture and cuisine.

A Geocultural Tour of Aragon: Geology, History and Gastronomy in the Spanish Pyrenees